Author: Simran Chalke / Date: 05 November 2024

TYPES OF CHEMICAL PEEL

Superficial peel

A superficial peel, also known as a light peel, is a chemical exfoliation technique targeting the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, to promote cell turnover and rejuvenation. It employs mild acids, such as alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic or lactic acid, and beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs) like salicylic acid, which work by dissolving the intercellular bonds between keratinocytes, facilitating the shedding of dead skin cells. This process not only smooths the skin texture but also addresses common dermatological concerns, including acne scars, fine lines, and hyperpigmentation.
Superficial peels are popular due to their minimal downtime and versatility in treating a range of skin types and conditions. The exfoliation process removes damaged skin cells and stimulates the production of new, healthier cells, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion. Post-peel, the skin may appear red or slightly irritated, which is a normal inflammatory response indicative of the healing process.
The effectiveness of superficial peels depends on several factors, including the severity of the skin condition, the type of acid used, and individual skin sensitivity. While mild issues may be resolved with a few sessions, deeper or more persistent concerns might necessitate additional treatments. Typically, superficial peels require 4-8 sessions, spaced 2-4 weeks apart, to achieve optimal results. The durability of these results can vary; for some, the benefits last several months, while others may maintain improvements for up to a year.
Maintenance is crucial for prolonging the effects of superficial peels. Factors such as skin type, lifestyle choices, and skincare routines significantly influence the longevity of results. For example, individuals with oily or acne-prone skin may need more frequent treatments. Additionally, consistent use of broad-spectrum sunscreen, along with an appropriate skincare regimen, is essential to protect the newly rejuvenated skin and extend the peel’s benefits.

Medium peels

Medium peels are a more potent form of exfoliation compared to superficial peels, designed to penetrate deeper into the skin, reaching the dermis layer. This increased depth allows them to address more pronounced skin concerns such as moderate acne scars, sun damage, fine lines, and uneven skin tone. The primary agents used in medium peels include trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or Jessner’s solution, which consist of a blend of salicylic acid, lactic acid, and resorcinol. These chemical solutions cause a controlled injury to the skin, promoting significant peeling and redness, with a longer healing process than that of superficial peels.
During the application of a medium peel, the acid disrupts the bonds between skin cells, initiating a shedding process that removes the damaged outer layers and reveals healthier, smoother skin underneath. This deeper penetration also stimulates the production of collagen and elastin, key structural proteins that improve skin texture, firmness, and elasticity. As a result, medium peels can significantly reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, as well as enhance overall skin resilience.
Due to their potency, medium peels must be administered by a qualified dermatologist or aesthetician who can ensure proper application and monitor the skin’s response to minimize the risk of complications, such as hyperpigmentation or scarring. The number of sessions required can vary based on the severity of the skin condition and individual response to the treatment. Typically, 2-3 sessions, spaced 4-6 weeks apart, are recommended to achieve optimal results. After each session, patients may experience temporary redness, swelling, and peeling, which are part of the natural healing process.

Proper aftercare, including the use of broad-spectrum sunscreen and avoiding direct sun exposure, is crucial to protect the skin and enhance the longevity of the results.

Deep Dermal Peel

Deep dermal peels are the most intensive type of chemical peel, designed to penetrate the deepest layers of the skin, targeting the reticular dermis. These peels provide long-lasting results for severe skin concerns, including deep wrinkles, pronounced sun damage, severe acne scars, melasma and extensive hyperpigmentation. The most commonly used agent in deep dermal peels is phenol, but high-concentration trichloroacetic acid (TCA) can also be utilized.
Deep dermal peels create a controlled injury to the skin that extends through the epidermis and mid to lower dermis. The chemical solution denatures proteins in the skin cells, effectively destroying the damaged outer layers. This process stimulates a robust healing response, promoting the generation of new collagen and elastin fibres, which significantly enhances the skin’s texture, tone, and elasticity.

Future Outlook

As technology advances, we can expect to see even more innovative peel treatments emerge. From laser peels to advanced chemical formulations, the future of skin rejuvenation is promising.
Stay tuned for future updates on the latest peel trends and techniques.

Author: Simran Chalke / Date: 05 November 2024